I always hesitated to start this certificate, because I could not decide on the prototype scene I would model.
On my home layout, I already recreated San Juan Capistrano following the prototype setting of the structures. I only had to make compromises with the exact track layout, because of my space constraints and limits. The structures around the depot were all recreated, using prototype plans or drawings or simply scaled from photographs.
As this certificate was the last one that I needed to have all eleven, I finally agreed on the Capistrano scene on my layout.
The main objective in recreating a prototype scene consists in making it immediately recognizable, either through distinct buildings or landmarks. In the case of San Juan Capistrano it is certainly the mission style depot and the packing house with its characteristic saw-toothed roof.
So here we go. Following is my write-up documentation for the Prototype Certificate. Feel free to take inspiration in the way I did it, because that was my greatest drawback in getting started, that I did not know exactly, how to document the process.
Alain Kap, MMR
*
Master Builder Prototype Models
AT&SF DEPOT IN SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO, CA., APRIL 16,
1944
Requirement
1: the scene
Structures
Rolling Stock
Caboose/Passenger Car
Motive Power
Requirement
3: documented evidence of the prototype
Context for the prototype
Location
Maps
Traffics
Comparison with the prototype
Prototype photos
Requirement 2:
scene construction
a) Terrain
b) Structures
c) Backdrop
d) Lighting
Requirement 1: The Scene
The prototypical scene is reproduced
on my home layout “ATSF Surf Line” and is based on a photograph from April 16,
1944.
We are looking from the cab
of an EMD E-1A diesel locomotive, the LA bound San Diegan, holding the main
while an eastbound Extra 3744 with a DHQ (deadheaded Equipment) train, heads
into the passing track.
In the scene we see the Extra
3744 Mountain type 4-8-2 locomotive with unrecognizable rolling stock behind.
To the right is the packing house with a PRR boxcar (probably X-29) parked at
the loading door and on the off-spot track three ATSF Caswell gondolas. We see
the ivy overgrown depot in the center between the locomotive and the packing
house.
The town is San Juan
Capistrano. I reproduced the track layout as good as it was technically
possible, based on the Sanborn Map and actual photographs of the prototype.
Numerous visits to Capistrano on my vacation trips helped me get the feel of
the location, although most of the buildings and tracks are gone.
Structures
All my structures in
Capistrano are scratch built because none exist in kit form. An exception is
the Capistrano Depot which existed as a craftsman kit from Historical Scale
Miniatures. I used the Sanborn Map for the basic outlines of the buildings and
based their construction on photographs and visits to Capistrano. I was able to
find black and white photographs from the San Juan Capistrano Historical
Society.
The AFG Blue Goose Packing House
In my prototype picture, the
packing house shows only one side with the saw-toothed roof. My research
revealed that the original packing house was a tin clad structures with large
vents on the roof. In the early 1930’s the packing house was moved a couple of
yards inland to make room for the addition with the typical roof we see in the
picture. Photos of this ‘moving’ are courtesy of the Capistrano Historical
Society.
Based on these photographs, I
first built the old packing house to be located against the backdrop. To fit
flush against the backdrop, I had to adapt the shape, which was a bit of a
challenge, because it was at an angle, so I also had to build part of the other
roof half. The pictures below show the special shape of the structure.
Based on the b/w picture
above, I scaled and built the structure, using Evergreen corrugated styrene
sheet. The wooden platform was built board-by-board using scale lumber from
various sourced. A lot of measuring and try fitting was necessary to adapt the
structure to the backdrop.
For the
addition of the packing house I used a CAD program to draw the outlines of the
building. A friend of mine did the laser cutting out of 2mm MDF. With a lot of
bracing the parts assembled easily. For the corrugated siding, I used special embossed
card stock from an arts store. Everything was assembled using wood glue. The
corrugated card stock already came in a grey color which made painting
unnecessary.
The ATSF Depot
As mentioned above, I could
only find the instruction sheets with the dimensional drawings for the walls
from the Historical Scale Miniature kit. I used these drawings to design the
parts in a CAD program and to get them laser cut. I then build the depot from
scratch.
The San Juan Capistrano depot
is built in the Colonial Mission style, like many similar structures in
Southern California. It is said that the depot was built with the stones from
the old mission nearby.
Initially I built the
Capistrano depot in a pristine appearance, but after I decided to set my home
layout in the WWII to 1950’s period, I could not use it like that. The entire
bell tower with large parts of the roof were covered with ivy during the
1940’s.
I did not want to ruin my
original depot by covering it with greenery. The details on the bell tower
would not be visible anyway, so I decided to build a second depot with more
generic cupola and details. The basic structure was again laser cut and the
bell tower was shaped from a chunk of balsa wood.
I covered the walls with
heavily diluted dry wall compound to represent the stucco finish. The roof
tiles are Spanish Tile sheet from Plastruct.
Then I used coarse turf from
Woodland Scenics to cover the roof and larger turf chunks for the bell tower. I
took all the pictures I could find as a guide to get the overgrown look as
prototypical as possible.
Freight House
Fortunately, the freight
house is still standing today and is part of the restaurant located in the
depot.
This structure is a basic
square affair. I took the measurements when on vacation in California. The
windows on the trackside are still there, so it was easy to record their unique
shape.
I assembled the freight house
from scale lumber sheets. The freight doors are Grandt Line castings. The
loading dock and platform is board-by-board scale lumber strips glued to a
cardstock base.
The roof again is Spanish
Tile sheets from Plastruct.
Both models, the pristine
depot and freight house, were part of my AP structure certificate.Rolling Stock
Although not on the prototype
photo, I choose a US Navy Helium car for my rolling stock requirement. In fact,
the US Navy had numerous locations along the Surf Line, notably the MCAS
(Marine Corps Air Station) in El Toro. In 1942 the Marines acquired 1,600 acres
of land, designated for a base for lighter-than-air vehicles aka blimps. MCAS
El Toro was commissioned on March 17, 1943. Unfortunately, there are no photos
of helium tank cars going to El Toro, but it is evident that helium was needed
to fill the blimps. I am not aware of helium carried by truck during the
1940’s.
The model of my helium car
was my first MA in the rolling stock category and received 90/125 at the 2011
NMRA convention in Sacramento, CA.
The pictures above show one
of the helium cars, already with the MHAX markings for the Department of
Interior.
Caboose
The steel sided standard
cupola caboose design was used by the ATSF from the early 1930’s until the end
of way car service.
I upgraded the Athearn Blue
Box model with numerous details. Replaced the ladders, shaved the molded-on
grab irons off and replaced them with brass wire. Added the second toolbox,
markers, handrails on the cupola roof.
The caboose was part of my
requirements for the AP Master Builder Cars Certificate.
Motive Power
3700 class 4-8-2 Mountain
type locomotives were common power on the ATSF Surf Line. They pulled most of
the troop trains from LA to San Diego and vice-versa. On the picture above we
see #3741 in San Diego. Unfortunately, my locomotive was factory lettered for
#3745, but being only one number off, I can live with it.
Requirement 3:
Documented evidence of the prototype
Context for the prototype
The most famous spot (certainly one of the most
photographed) on the Surf Line is the station at San Juan Capistrano. The famed
Capistrano Mission, barely three hundred feet east of the tracks, was founded
in 1776, and ruined by an earthquake in 1812. The distinct 1894 built station
mimicked the style of the mission and utilized materials salvaged from the
ruins.
I fell in love with Capistrano after a visit to
California in 1998, when also my desire arose to build the Surf Line with
Capistrano as one of my signature towns.
I tried to model Capistrano as accurate as possible,
so it was a natural choice for my Prototype Certificate.
Location
The Surf Line “begins” at the
head block of a switch at the east end of Fullerton. Since the line is a
continuation of the railroad east from Los Angeles, timetable direction towards
San Diego is east, and milepost numbering is also a continuation from zero at
San Bernardino, via the Second District through Pasadena. Here at Fullerton the
line swings south through what was were then the small towns of Anaheim and
Orange, communities founded in the mid-1800’s and dependent on the citrus
crops.
Immediately after Capistrano
the line curves further west to follow San Juan Creek down the ocean, through a
narrow canyon, past Serra, originally named San Juan by-the-Sea. The Surf Line
earns its moniker as it begins to follow the beach at Poche. Here the tracks
are barely one hundred feet from the Pacific Ocean.
Maps
The only map of the area I
could find is a Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from 1929. Due to the increased
wartime traffic, parts of the line received double track. In 1933/34 the old
packing house was moved back and enlarged. A second spur track was then added.
The siding was extended past the packing house and a couple of yards further
down the line. The Sanborn map was a significant help in building the
structures because they show the footprints with measurement.
Traffic
The base of traffic on the
Surf Line, from its inception to the beginning of WWII was that of agriculture
and passengers. Citrus was the main crop in the Orange County area. Further
south, barley, beans, and walnuts were the crops grown near Capistrano. Clay
and some citrus also came from this area. Cattle was also grown in these areas,
shipped out in small lots, South of Capistrano to near Oceanside.
Two pairs of freights
operated over the Surf Line in addition to locals: the SDX San Bernardino to
San Diego and its counterpart, the SBX.
Second class time freight
number 136 Los Angeles to San Diego and its counterpart, the Night Coast, or
NCX. They were operated overnight so as not to interfere with passenger
schedules.
The local freight managed all
switching moves in the town along the line.
Passenger traffic on the Surf
Line consisted of four streamlined “San Diegans” (two roundtrips) and four
steam powered heavyweights, two of which were mail locals, one of these was a late-night
train. During the period I am modeling, numerous troop trains and special
military moves operated between Los Angeles and the Navy and Marines stations
in and around San Diego, which allows me to run Extras occasionally.
Comparison with the prototype
My modeled scene is composed
of these main structures:
1) San Juan Capistrano Freight House. It is still
standing and is part of the restaurant.
2) San Juan Capistrano ATSF Depot. Still standing and
houses a restaurant.
3) Old Warehouse moved back in 1932, to make room for the
addition (4)
4) Addition to the packing house in 1932
5) Historic adobe houses of the Los Rios Street, the
oldest dwellings in California.
In comparison to the
prototype, the scene was slightly compressed and the track arrangement adapted
to my available space. The depot scene occupies a space of 400 x 50 cm.
The structures are
prototypically reproduced and to scale, based on the footprint measurements of
the Sanborn Fire Insurance Map.
There are also two oil
dealers in town, Standard Oil and Shell Oil. These are only represented by a
short stub rail and a generic placement of sheds and tanks against the
backdrop.
Prototype photos
On every vacation trip to
California, I tried to make at least a one-day stop in Capistrano to take
photographs and make notes of the distinctive features and structures still
standing.
I also had the chance to
browse through the photo collection of the San Juan Capistrano Historical
Society, which is located right across from the depot on Los Rios Street. This
allowed me to reproduce the structures as accurate as possible.
Requirement 2: Scene construction
Terrain
My layout sits on IVAR wooden
shelving system from IKEA. On top of the shelves, I attached L-girder benchwork, topped with 10mm plywood.
Track is partly laid on cork
roadbed or directly to the plywood base. The backdrop is 3mm MDF, mounted on a
1x2 frame.
Verdugo street is build using the Walthers Street system with the sidewalks. I painted the street dark grey to simulate asphalt, which was quite common during the period I am modeling.
The tracks are ballasted with
a mixture of grey ballast from Woodland Scenics and sand and yard dirt. On the photographs
I have, there is no clean ballasted roadbed seen, so I tried to replicate this.
Vegetation is fine turf of
medium green and burnt color. Small rubble from sifting the sand is added here
and there. The grass tufts are added using MiniNatur tufts, which are done from
static grass. I finished the groundwork before I had a static grass applicator.
Structures
The model of the original
packing house is built from Evergreen styrene sheets and strip wood from various
sources. The addition was laser cut from 2mm MDF and covered with corrugated
card stock.
The depot is laser cut from
basswood and the bell tower assembled from chunks of Balsa wood. The roof is
Plastruct Spanish Tiles.
The freight house is cut from
scale lumber sheets and cardstock. The freight platform was built with single
scale lumber strips.
Background
To paint the backdrop, I
referred to pictures with orange groves and California scenery, which I
downloaded from the internet.
Lighting
The layout is illuminated by
LED tubes. These draw less current and do not heat up the layout. They deliver
a bright daylight at around 4000K. Additionally, I also installed a blue rope
light, usually used on Christmas trees. A switch changes from day to night.
I lighted the houses with 20
LED Christmas lighting. I drilled 6,5mm holes into the baseboard and pushed the
LEDs through the hole from below. They are spaced approximately 20cm apart.
Those lights that do not fit help lighting my shelves underneath. These lights
are plugged into my 220 V outlets. The battery powered lights chains are not
bright enough.
The street and yard lights
are commercial lights and are powered from my 16VAC power buss around the
layout.
With exterior lights and the
lighted houses and factories, I do not need the blue light to simulate nighttime.
Bibliography
Articles:
The Surf Line Part 1 1940-1950:
The Warbonnet II/1996
The Surf Line Part 2 1950-1965:
The Warbonnet IV/1996
Santa Fe Surf Line 1940: Trains
Magazine 08/2004
The Colorful Surf Line: Model
Railroader Magazine 08/2004
From Surf Line to San Diego:
Model Railroad Planning 2001
Original Photographs:
Archives of the San Juan
Capistrano Historical Society
